© Jens H. Petersen, Department of Systematic Botany, Biological Institute, University of Aarhus, Denmark

Overview of the ASCOMYCOTA

The lower levels of this outline of the Ascomycota is derived from Eriksson, O.E. & D.L. Hawksworth : Outline of the ascomycetes - 1993 (Systema Ascomycetum 12 , 1993). At the higher levels, I have tried to put together a rather conservative systemwhich utilizes the knowledge derived from molecular phylogeny, see Taylor, J.W., E.C. Swann & M.L. Berbee : Molecular evolution of the Ascomycete Fungi : Phylogeny and Conflict (Ascomycete systematics, ed. D.L. Hawksworth, 1994).

For an alternative system with a more radical classification, see Eriksson & Winka.

Symbols :

Link to a site with comments on the genus: L

Link to a tree : T

Link to a picture : P

Genera containing lichenized species are coloured yellow

Genera containing mycorrhizal species are coloured green

Genera containing biotrophic parasites species are coloured red

Archiascomycotina
	Taphrinomycetes
		Taphrinales
			Taphrinaceae
				Taphrina

		Protomycetales
			Protomycetaceae
				Protomyces

		Schizosaccharomycetales
			Schizosaccharomycetaceae

Hemiascomycotina
	Endomycetes
		Endomycetales
			Cephaloascaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Diplodascaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Endomycetaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Lipomycetaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Metschnikowiaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Saccharomycetaceae
				Saccharomyces (the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Saccharomycodaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Saccharomycopsidiaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)

Euascomycotina
	"Lecanomycetes" (unpublished taxon)
		Lecanorales
			Acarosporaceae
				Acarospora, Polysporina, Sarcogyne, Strangospora, Thelocarpon
			Agyriaceae
				Xylographa
			Alectoriaceae
				Alectoria, Bryoria
			Candelariaceae
				Candelaria, Candelariella
			Catillariaceae
				Catillaria
			Cladoniaceae
				Cladonia, Pycnothelia
			Collemataceae
				Collema, Leptogium
			Ectolechiaceae
				? Lopadium
			Eigleraceae
				Eiglera
			Haematommataceae
				Haematomma
			Hymeneliaceae
				Aspicilia, Hymenelia, Tremolecia
			Lecanoraceae
				Carbonea, Lecanora, Lecidella, Megalaria, Miriquidica, Protoparmelia, Pyrrhospora, Scoliciospora, Tephromela
			Lecidaceae
				Hypocenomyces, Lecidea, Steinia
			Micareaceae
				Micarea, Psilolechia
			Mycoblastaceae
				Mycoblastus
			Ophioparmaceae
				Ophioparma
			Pannariaceae
				Degelia, Leproloma, Moelleropsis, Pannaria, Parmeliella
			Parmeliaceae
				Cetraria, Cetrelia, Evernia, Foraminella, Hypogymnia, Parmelia, Parmeliopsis, Platismatia, Pseudephebe, Pseudevernia, Usnea
			Physciaceae
				Anaptychia, Buellia, Diploicia, Diplotomma, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Rinodina
			Porpidaceae
				Clauzadea, Farnoldia, Porpidia
			Psoraceae
				Protoblastenia, Psora
			Ramalinaceae
				Ramalina
			Rimulariaceae
				Rimularia
			Stereocaulaceae
				Stereocaulon
			Trapeliaceae
				Placynthiella, Trapelia, Trapeliopsis
			Umbilicariaceae
				Lasallia, Umbilicaria
			Vezdaeaceae
				Vezdaea
			? Rhizocarpaceae
				Epilichen, Rhizocarpon
			? Lepraria, Leprocaulon, Melaspilea

		Lichinales
			Lichinaceae
				Ephebe, Lichina

		Teloschistales
			Teloschistaceae
				Caloplaca, Leproplaca, Xanthoria
			? Fuscideaceae
				Fuscidea

		Gyalectales
			Gyalectaceae
				? Belonia, ? Bryophagus, Dimerella, Gyalecta, Pachyphiale

		Pertusariales
			Pertusariaceae
				Ochrolechia, Pertusaria

		Peltigerales
			Lobariaceae
				Lobaria
			Nephromataceae
				Nephroma
			Peltigeraceae
				Peltigera, Solorina
			? Placynthiaceae
				Placynthium

	Discomycetes
		Caliciales
			Caliciaceae
				Calicium, Cyphelium
			Coniocybaceae
				Chaenotheca, Coniocybe, Sclerophora
			Microcaliciaceae
				Microcalicium
			Mycocaliciaceae
				Chaenothecopsis, Mycocalicium, Stenocybe
			Sphinctrinaceae
				Sphinctrina

		Ostropales
			Stictidaceae
				Stictis, Ostropa (DK?), ? Karstenia
			Graphidaceae
				Graphis, Phaeographis
			Thelotremataceae
				Diploschistes, Thelotrema

		Elaphomycetales
			Elaphomycetaceae
				Elaphomyces

		Leotiales
			Ascocorticiaceae
				Ascocorticiellum, Ascocorticium
			Baeomycetaceae
				Baeomyces, Icmadophila
			Cryptomycetaceae
				Cryptomyces
			Dermataceae
				Belonium, Belonopsis, Calloria, Catinella, Dermea, Diplocarpa, Duebenia, Laetinaevia, Leptotrochila, Mollisia, Ocellaria, Pezicula, Pseudopeziza, Pyrenopeziza, Tapesia, Trochila, Venturiocistella
			Geoglossaceae
				Geoglossum, Microglossum, Mitrula, Spathularia, Trichoglossum
			Hyaloscyphaceae
				Albotricha, Arachnopeziza, Cistella, Dasyscyphella, Dematioscypha, Eriopezia, Hamatocanthoscypha, Hyalopeziza, Hyaloscypha, Incrupila, Lachnellula, Lachnum, Lasiobelonium, Microscypha, Neodasyscypha, Phialina, Polydesmia, Proliferodiscus, Psilachnum, Trichopeziza, Unguicularia, Urceolella
			Leotiaceae
				Ascocoryne, Ascotremella, Bisporella, Bryoscyphus, Bulgaria, Calycellina, Cenangium, Chlorencoelia, Chlorociboria, Claussenomyces, Crocicreas, Cudonia, Cudoniella, Discinella, Durella, Encoelia, Godronia, Heterosphaeria, Heyderia, Holwaya, Hymenoscyphus, Ionomidotis, Leotia, Mniacea, Neobulgaria, Patinellaria, Phaeohelotium, Pseudohelotium, Sarcoleotia, Sarea, Tympanis, Velutaria
			Orbiliaceae
				Hyalinia, Orbilia
			Sclerotiniaceae
				Ciboria, Dumontinia, Gloeotinia, Lanzia, Monilinia, Myriosclerotinia, Rutstroemia, Sclerotinia, Stromatinia, Verpatinia
			Vibrisseaceae
				Vibrissea

		Rhytismatales
			Rhytismataceae
				Coccomyces, Colpoma, Cryptomycina, Hypoderma, Lirula, Lophodermella, Lophodermium, Phacidium, Propolomyces, Rhytisma, Sporomega, Therrya

		Pezizales
			? Telenellaceae
				? Chromatochlamus
			Ascobolaceae
				Ascobolus, Iodophanus, Saccobolus, Thecotheus
			Thelebolaceae
				Ascozonus, Thelebolus, Trichobolus
			Ascodesmidaceae
				Ascodesmis
			Pyronemataceae
				Coprotus, Pyronema
			Otideaceae
				Aleuria, Anthracobia, Byssonectria, Caloscypha, Chalazion, Cheilymenia, Coprobia, Genea, Geopora, Geopyxis, Humaria, Jafneadelphus, Kotlabaea, Lamprospora, Lasiobolus, Leucoscypha, Melastiza, Miladina, Neottiella, Octospora, Otidea, Parascutellinia, Pseudombrophila, Pulparia, Pulvinula, Ramsbottomia, Rhodotarzetta, Scutellinia, Sowerbyella, Sphaerosporella, Tarzetta, Tricharina, Trichophaea, Trichophaeopsis
			Balsamiaceae
				Balsamia
			Pezizaceae
				Boudiera, Pachyella, Peziza, Plicaria, Sarcosphaera, Scabropezia
			Sarcoscyphaceae
				Microstoma, Pithya, Sarcoscypha
			Sarcosomataceae
				Desmazierella, Plectania, Pseudoplectania
			Helvellaceae
				Choiromyces, Discina, Gyromitra, Helvella, Hydnotrya, Rhizina
			Morchellaceae
				Disciotis, Morchella, Verpa
			Terfeziaceae
				Hydnobolites, Pachyphloeus
			Tuberaceae
				Tuber
			? Schaereriaceae
				Schaereria
			? Anisomeridium, Epigloea, Normandina, Phlyctis, Strigula, Thrombium

	Plectomycetes
		Onygenales
			Onygenaceae
				Onygena
			Gymnoascaceae
				Gymnoascus

		Eurotiales
			Trichomataceae
				Eurotium, Talaromyces
			Ascosphaeraceae
				Ascosphaera, Bettsia

	Pyrenomycetes
		Erysiphales
			Erysiphaceae
				Blumeria, Erysiphe, Microsphaera, Phyllactinia, Podosphaera, Sawadaia, Sphaerotheca, Uncinula

		Diaporthales
			Melanconidaceae
				Allantoporthe, Ditopella, Hapalocystis, Melanamphora, Melanconis, Phragmoporthe, Prosthecium, Pseudovalsa, Sydowiella, Winterella
			Valsaceae
				Amphiporthe, Anisogramma, Apiognomonia, Aporhytisma, Cryptodiaporthe, Diaporthe, Diaporthopsis, Gnomonia, Gnomoniella, Hypospilina, Linospora, Mamiania, Mamianiella, Plagiosphaera, Sillia, Valsa
			? Caudospora

		Sordariales
			Chaetomiaceae
				Chaetomium
			Ceratostomataceae
				Melanospora, Sphaerodes, Syspastospora
			Lasiosphaeriaceae
				Apiosordaria, Bombardia, Ceratosphaeria, Cercophora, Lasiosphaeria, Podospora, Schizothecium, Strattonia
			Nitschkiaceae
				Acanthonitschkea, Bertia, Coronophora, Nitschkia, Rostrocoronophora
			Sordariaceae
				Sordaria
			? Helminthosphaeria

		Ophiostomatales
			Ophiostomataceae
				Ophiostoma
			? Thyridaria

		Diatrypales
			Diatrypaceae
				Cryptosphaeria, Diatrype, Diatrypella, Eutypa, Eutypella, Quaternaria

		Xylariales
			Amphisphaeriaceae
				Amphisphaerella, Amphisphaeria, Discostroma, ? Lepteutypa, ? Phomatospora
			Boliniaceae
				Camarops
			Clypeosphaeriaceae
				Clypeosphaeria, Melomastia
			Xylariaceae
				Anthostomella, Daldinia, Hypocopra, Hypoxylon, Lopadostoma, Nemania, Podosordaria, Poronia, Rosellinia, Kretzschmaria (=Ustulina), Xylaria

		Halosphaeriales
			Halosphaeriaceae
				Aniptodera, Anisostagma, Appendichordella, Arenariomyces, Bovicornua, Buxetroldia, Carbosphaerella, Ceriosporopsis, Corollospora, Haligena, Halosarpheia, Halosphaeria, Halosphaeriopsis, Kohlmeyeriella, Lignincola, Limacospora, Lindra, Lulworthia, Marinospora, Nais, Nereiospora, Ocostaspora, Ondiniella, Remispora

		Calosphaeriales
			Calosphariaceae
				Calosphaeria, Enchnoa, Erostella

		Trichosphaeriales
			Trichosphaeriaceae
				Chaetosphaerella, Chaetosphaeria, Debaryella, Eriosphaeria, Loramyces, Melanopsamma, Niesslia, Trichosphaerella, Trichosphaeria

		Hypocreales
			Clavicipitaceae
				Barya, Claviceps, Cordyceps, Epichloë
			Hypocreaceae
				Arachnocrea, Calonectria, Chromocrea, Gibberella, Heleococcum, Hypocrea, Hypocreopsis, Hypomyces, Nectria, Nectriopsis, Podostroma, Scoleconectria, ? Selinia

		Phyllacorales
			Phyllachoraceae
				Glomerella, Phyllachora, Polystigma
			? Pseudovalsaria, Zignoëlla, Acrospermum, Physalospora, Pseudomassaria, Thyridium

	Loculoascomycetes
		Patellariales
			Arthrorhaphidaceae
				Arthrorhaphis

		Arthoniales
			Arthoniaceae
				Arthonia, Arthothelium
			Chrysotrichaceae
				Chrysothrix
			Opegraphaceae
				Bactrospora, Enterographa, Lecanactis, Opegrapha, Schismatomma

.		Verrucariales
			Verrucariaceae
				Agonimia, Catapyrenium, Dermatocarpon, Polyblastia, Staurothele, Thelidium, Verrucaria

.		Pyrenulales
			Pyrenulaceae
				Acrocordia, Pyrenocollema, Pyrenula
			Trichotheliaceae
				Porina
			Massariaceae
				Massaria

		Dothideales
			Arthopyreniaceae
				Arthopyrenia, Leptorhaphis, Tomasellia
			Botryosphaereaceae
				? Amarenomyces, Botryosphaeria
			Capnodiaceae
				Capnodium
			Cucurbitariaceae
				Cucurbitaria, Curreya
			Didymosphaeriaceae
				Didymosphaeria
			Dimeriaceae
				Lizonia
			Dothideaceae
				Cymadothea, Didymella, Dothidea, Scirrhia
			Dothioraceae
				Dothiora, Plowrightia, Saccothecium, Sydowia
			Fenestellaceae
				Fenestella
			Herpotrichiellaceae
				Acanthostigma, Capronia, Didymotrichiella
			Hysteriaceae
				Farlowiella, Gloniopsis, Hysterium
			Leptosphaeriaceae
				Leptosphaeria, Ophiobolus
			Lophiostomataceae
				Cilioplea, Herpotrichia, Keissleriella, Lophiosphaera, Lophiostoma, Lophiotrema, Massarina, Massariosphaeria
			Melanommataceae
				Kalmusia, Karstenula, Melanomma, Pseudotrichia, ? Trematosphaeria
			Mycoporaceae
				Mycoporum
			Mycosphaerellaceae
				Euryachora, Mycosphaerella, Sphaerulina
			Mytilinidiaceae
				Glyphium, Lophium, Mytilinidion
			Phaeosphaeriaceae
				Endodesmium, Entodesmium, Eudarluca?, Nodulosphaeria, Ophiosphaerella, Paraphaeosphaeria, Phaeosphaeria
			Phaeotrichaceae
				Trichodelitschia
			Pleomassariaceae
				Asteromassaria, Pleomassaria, Splanchnonema
			Pleosporaceaceae
				Didymopleella, Kirschsteiniothelia, Lewia, Macrospora, Metasphaeria, Monascostroma, Pleospora, Pyrenophora
			Sporormiaceae
				Delitschia, Preussia, Sporormiella
			Tubeufiaceae
				Tubeufia
			Venturiaceae
				Coleroa, Gibbera, Lasiobotrys, Protoventuria, Venturia
			? Acanthophiobolus, Leptospora, Mycoglaena
			? Otthia, Rhopographus

	Laboulbeniomycetes
		Laboulbeniales
			Ceratomycetaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Euceratomycetaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Herpomycetaceae
				(the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Laboulbeniaceae
				Laboulbenia, Stimatomyces (the number of genera in Denmark is not known)
			Pyxidiophoraceae
				Pyxidiophora